If you walk into a traditional bank and ask to borrow ten million dollars without putting down a house, a car, or any form of collateral, the loan officer will probably laugh you out of the room. In traditional finance, credit is built around trust, history, and collateral. DeFi works
In the previous article, we asked a simple question: What happens if a Rollup sequencer lies? What Happens If a Rollup Sequencer Lies? A sequencer may process transactions and propose a new state. But what stops it from simply making something up? The answer is that a Rollup needs a
A Rollup can process many transactions without putting every transaction directly on Ethereum. But there is a problem. Someone still has to decide the order of those transactions and process them. That person, or more precisely, that system component, is called a sequencer. So here is a simple question: What
For the longest time, the unspoken rule of Web3 development was absolute obedience to the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). If you were building anything serious, you wrote in Solidity, deployed to an EVM-compatible chain, and prayed to the congestion gods that your transactions wouldn’t get stuck in a
If you ask ten people what a Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) is, nine of them will tell you it is a privacy tool used to hide transaction amounts or anonymize crypto wallets. For a long time, that was the mainstream narrative. ZKPs were treated as a digital cloak, designed to
For the past couple of years, the intersection of AI and crypto felt like a massive marketing gimmick. Every random token project slapped "AI" onto its whitepaper, promising decentralized ChatGPT wrappers or GPU-sharing networks that went nowhere. It was pure noise designed to hype retail investors. If
Understanding MEV and Sandwich Attacks: What Happens When You Swap on a DEX You check the price, review the amount, and hit Swap. A few seconds later, the transaction is confirmed. The tokens are in your wallet. Nothing seems wrong. Then you look at the final numbers and notice that
For years, participating in proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains like Ethereum felt pretty straightforward. You locked up your native tokens with a validator, helped secure the network, and earned a predictable staking yield in return. But as the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem matured, developers started noticing a major inefficiency: billions
If you try to rent servers from Amazon AWS or Microsoft Azure to train an AI model or run a heavy application, you quickly realize two things: it is painfully expensive, and you are entirely at the mercy of a corporate giant. Big Tech controls the world's digital
For twenty years, venture capital avoided military technology. Consumer apps and B2B SaaS platforms secured immediate funding on Sand Hill Road, while defense pitches faced instant rejection. The prevailing tech philosophy was rooted in a neat moral separation: software was meant to connect, democratize, and scale peacefully, leaving the mechanics
If you've spent any real time hanging out in crypto Telegram or on-chain over the last couple of years, you already know basic Proof-of-Stake staking doesn't cut it anymore. Pulling a steady 3 to 4 percent on your Ethereum felt like a massive
For years, centralized giants like Binance, Bybit, and OKX held a total monopoly on crypto derivatives. But between exchange collapses, security hacks, and a massive cultural push toward self-custody, trader behavior has fundamentally changed. Enter Decentralized Perpetual Exchanges—protocols that let you open leveraged long and short positions without